Articles by "Nishan-i-Haider"
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Nishan-e-Haider (Urdu: نشان حیدر‬‎) (abbreviated as "NH") is Pakistan's highest military gallantry award. "Nishan-e-Haider" literally means "Emblem of the Lion" in the Urdu language. The word "Haider" is also the epithet of Ali, who is referred to as the 'Lion of God', a valiant warrior and leader.

The Nishan-e-Haider can only be awarded to members of the Pakistan Armed Forces for the highest acts of extraordinary bravery in the face of the enemy in air, land or sea. Its exclusivity can be gauged by the fact that, since Pakistan's independence in 1947, it has been awarded only ten times (now eleven, due to Hilal-e-Kashmir being equal to Nishan-e-Haider). The highest Military Award of Pakistan has been awarded to Shaheed Soldiers who have shown bravery and courage in Times of War & Border battles(1948,1956,1965,1971,1999)

Nishan e Haider History

The Nishan-e-Haider was established by the Government of Pakistan and named after Ali ibn Abi Talib on 16 March 1957, the year that Pakistan became a republic. It was applied retrospectively from the date of Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947. It is Pakistan's highest award and takes precedence over all military and civil awards. Of the ten Nishan-e-Haider recipients to date, nine have been from the Army and one from the Air Force.

Although some consider it equivalent to the British Victoria Cross and the United States Medal of Honor, it is unique in that it has so far been awarded only posthumously.

Nishan e Haider Criterion

The Nishan-e-Haider can be awarded to all ranks of the Armed Forces for showing feats of extraordinary courage in confronting the enemy. As a matter of practice and precedent, it has only been awarded where it has been established that the recipient acted despite high risks and was killed in the act.

Nishan-e-Haider Manufacturing

The Nishan-e-Haider is manufactured by Pakistan Mint on order of the Ministry of Defence. It is forged from captured enemy equipment and consists of 88% copper, 10% tin and 2% zinc.


Born: 1910, Singhori Village, District of Rawalpindi 
Commissioned: 1944, Punjab Regiment 
During the Kashmir Operations soon after the birth of Pakistan, as Company Commander of the 2nd Battalion of the Punjab Regiment, Captain Sarwar launched an attack causing heavy casualties against a strongly fortified enemy position in the Uri Sector under heavy machine gun, grenade and mortar fire. But on the 27th July 1948, as he moved forward with six of his men to cut their way through a barbed wire barrier, he died when his chest was riddled by a burst of heavy machine gun fire.

Born: 1914, Hoshiarpur
Commissioned: 1943, 16th Punjab Regiment 
Early in August 1958, Major Tufail, a Company Commander in the East Pakistan Rifles, encircled an illegal Indian post, which violated the internationally recognized boundary between the two countries, in the Lakshmipur area. And, though mortally wounded in the hand-to-hand encounter that followed, Major Tufail continued to lead his troops till the Indians were driven out, leaving four dead and three prisoners. He died the same day on the 7th August 1958.

Born: 1928, Hong Kong
Commissioned: 1950, Punjab Regiment
On 6th September 1965, as Company Commander in the Burki Area of the Lahore Sector, Major Bhatti chose to move with his forward platoon under incessant artillery and tank attacks for five days and nights in Defence of the strategically vital BRB Canal. Throughout, undaunghted by constant fire from enemy small arms, tanks and artillery, he organized the Defence of the canal, directing his men to answer the fire until he was hit by an enemy tank shell which killed him on 10th September 1965.

Born: 1938, Dingha Village, District of Gujrat
Commissioned: 1963, Frontier Force Regiment
Major Muhammad Akram and a company of the 4th FF Regiment which he commanded in the forward area of the Hilli district, in East Pakistan in 1971, came under continuous and heavy air, artillery and Armour attacks. But for an entire fortnight, despite enemy superiority in both numbers and fire power, he and his men, in near super human ability, repulsed every attack, inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy. Major Akram died during this epic battle in 1971.

Born: 17th February 1951
Commissioned: 1971, Pilot, P.A.F.
Pilot Officer Minhas was taxiing for take-off on a routine training flight when an Instructor Pilot forced his way into the rear cockpit, seized control of the aircraft and took off. When Minhas realized that the absconding pilot was heading towards India, he tried to regain control of the plane was unable to do so. Knowing that it meant certain death, he damaged the controls and forced the aircraft to crash thirty two miles short of the border on 20th August 1971.

Born: 1943, Kunjah Village, District of Gujrat
Commissioned: 1964, Frontier Force Regiment
Major Shabir Sharif as commander of 6 FF Regiment, was ordered in December 1971 to capture high ground near Sulemanki headwork defended by more than a company of the Assam Regiment supported by a squadron of tanks. In a well nigh super human action, for the next three days and nights after crossing a minefield and massive obstacles and killing forty three soldiers and destroying four tanks, Major Sharif and his men held two enemy battalions at bay. But after he took over an anti-tank gun from his gunner in an attack he was killed by a direct hit on the afternoon of 6th December.

Born: 1949, Dhok Pir Bakhsh (now Dhok Muhammad Hussain Janjua)
Enlisted: 1966, Driver
Although only a driver in the 20th Lancers, when war broke out in 1971 Sowar Muhammad Hussain took an active part in every battle in which his unit was engaged unmindful of any danger, no matter how grave. When he spotted the enemy digging in along a minefield near the village of Harar Khurd in December 1971 on his own initiative he directed accurate fire at the enemy resulting in the destruction of sixteen of their tanks. But while directing fire from recoilless rifles, he was hit in the chest by a burst of machine gun fire and died on 10th December 1971.

Born: 1944, Pind Malikan (now Mahfuzabad) District of Rawalpindi
Enlisted: 1962, Sipahi
Serving in the 'A' Company of the 15th Punjab Regiment, when the war started in 1971, Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz was deployed on the Wagah-Attari Sector in East Pakistan where his company was pinned down by unceasing frontal and cross fire from automatic weapons. Although his machine gun was destroyed by an enemy shell, Mahfuz advanced towards an enemy bunker whose automatic fire had inflicted heavy casualties. Even though wounded in both legs by shell splinters, when he reached the bunker he stood up and pounced on the enemy, but was hit. Although unarmed and amidst the enemy, he caught hold of one of the enemy and was strangling him when another bayoneted him to death during the night of 17th December 1971.

Enlisted: 1990, Second Lt.
Captain Karnal Sher and Hav. Lalak Jan joined those eight legendary heroes who received the highest military award of Nishan-i-Haider for laying down their lives in defence of the beloved motherland. Captain Karnal Sher Khan emerged as the symbol of mettle and courage during the Kargil conflict on the Line of Control (LoC). He set personal examples of bravery and inflicted heavy losses on the enemy. He defended the five strategic posts, which he established with his jawans at the height of some 17,000 feet at Gultary, and repulsed many Indian attacks. After many abortive attempts, the enemy on July 5 ringed the post of Capt. Sher Khan with the help of two battalion and unleashed heavy mortar firing and managed to capture some part of the post. Despite facing all odds, he lead a counter-attack and re- captured the lost parts. But during the course he was hit by the machine-gun fire and embraced Shahadat at the same post. He is the first officer from the NWFP province to be awarded with Nishan-i-Haider.

Hav. Lalak Jan of the Northern Light Infantry (NLI) was one of those many who as a junior leader fought from the forefront to thwart heavy Indian attacks. He volunteered himself to be deployed on the front positions located at the jagged peak in May 1999. Hav. Lalak driven back many aggressive ventures by the enemy and imposed colossal losses on them. On July 7, Hav. Lalak sustained serious injuries as enemies pounded the area with heavy mortar shelling. But despite being injured, he retained his position and frustrated the Indian assault. He, however, succumbed to his injuries at the same post he was defending. Hav. Lalak was awarded with the Nishan-i-Haider for his dauntless courage and devotion.



№Name of the recipientRegimentRankBattleDate of martyrdom
1Saif Ali Janjua Hilal-e-Kashmir18 Azad Kashmir Regiment, Pakistan ArmyNaikIndo-Pakistani War of 194726th April 1948
2Raja Muhammad Sarwar2/1 Punjab Regiment, Pakistan ArmyCaptainIndo-Pakistani War of 194727 July 1948
3Tufail Mohammad16th Punjab Regiment Border Guards East Pakistan Rifles, Pakistan ArmyMajorIndo-Pak Border skirmish 19587 August 1958
4Raja Aziz Bhatti17 Punjab Regiment, Pakistan ArmyMajorIndo-Pakistani War of 196510 September 1965
5Rashid MinhasNo. 2 Fighter Conversion Unit, Pakistan Air ForcePilot OfficerIndo-Pakistani War of 197120 August 1971
6Muhammad Akram4 Frontier Force Regiment, Pakistan ArmyMajorIndo-Pakistani War of 19715 December 1971
7Shabbir Sharif6 Frontier Force Regiment, Pakistan ArmyMajorIndo-Pakistani War of 19716 December 1971
8Muhammad Hussain Janjua20 Lancers (Armoured Corps), Pakistan ArmySowarIndo-Pakistani War of 197110 December 1971
9Muhammad Mahfuz15 Punjab Regiment, Pakistan ArmyLance naikIndo-Pakistani War of 197117 December 1971
10Karnal Sher Khan27 Sindh Regiment/12 Northern Light Infantry, Pakistan ArmyCaptainKargil War5 July 1999
11Lalak Jan12 Northern Light Infantry, Pakistan ArmyHavaldarKargil War7 July 1999
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[Havildar Lalak Jan Shaheed Nishan-i-Haider Brief History]
He was born on 1 Apr 1967. He was enlisted in the Army on 10 December 1984. He was serving in Northern Light Infantry Regiment when skirmishes broke out in Kargil in 1999. Havildar Lalak Jan of the Northern Light Infantry Regiment fought from the forefront to thwart heavy Indian attacks. He volunteered himself to be deployed on the front positions located at the jagged peak in May 1999. Havildar Lalak Jan repulsed back many aggressive ventures by the enemy and imposed colossal losses on them. On 7 July 1999, Havildar Lalak Jan sustained serious injuries as enemies pounded the area with heavy mortar shells. But despite being injured, he retained his position and frustrated the Indian assault. Due to severe injuries he embraced martyrdom. 
Havaldar Lalak Jan (Urdu: حولدار لالک جان) (April 1967 - July 1999) is the last and most recent recipient of Nishan-e-Haider.


Early life

He was born at Yasin, in the Ghizer District, of the Northern Pakistan (now called Gilgit-Baltistan).[citation needed] He joined the Pakistan Army on 10 December 1984 and eventually rose up to rank of Havaldar.

Death

He was serving in the Northern Light Infantry during Kargil War of 1999. He volunteered to be deployed on the front lines in May 1999. In late 1999, his post came under attack from the Indian Army but he drove back a number of attacks. He was killed on 7 July 1999 after he sustained serious injuries from the heavy mortar pounding of his positions by the Indian Army.
According to the official statement:

Martyred

He was serving in Northern Light Infantry Regiment when skirmishes broke out in Kargil in 1999. Havildar Lalak Jan of the Northern Light Infantry Regiment fought from the forefront to thwart heavy Indian attacks. He volunteered himself to be deployed on the front positions located at the jagged peak in May 1999. Havildar Lalak Jan repulsed back many aggressive ventures by the enemy and imposed colossal losses on them. On 7 July 1999, Havildar Lalak Jan sustained serious injuries as enemies pounded the area with heavy mortar shells. But despite being injured, he retained his position and frustrated the Indian assault. Due to severe injuries he embraced martyrdom and was graciously awarded The Nishan-e-Haider for his bravery and his will to attack and defeat the enemy at all costs.
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[Captain Karnal Sher Khan Shaheed Nishan-i-Haider Brief History]
He was born on 1 January 1970. He was commissioned in the Army on 14
October 1994. Captain Karnal Sher Khan emerged as the symbol of mettle and courage during the Kargil conflict on the Line of Control. He set personal examples of bravery and inflicted heavy losses on the enemy. He defended the five strategic posts, which he established with his jawans at the height of 17,000 feet at Gultary, and repulsed many Indian attacks. After many abortive attempts, the Indians on 5 July 1999 ringed the posts of Captain Karnal Sher Khan with the help of two battalions and unleashed heavy mortar fire and managed to capture some part of one of his posts. Despite facing all odds, he led a counter-attack and re-captured the lost parts of his post. But during the course, he was hit by the machine-gun fire and embraced ‘SHAHADAT’ at the same post. 

Karnal Sher Khan (1970–1999)[2] (Urdu: کرنل شیر خان‬) was a Pakistan Army officer. He was one of only ten recipients of the Nishan-e-Haider. He was a captain in the 27th Sindh Regiment of the Pakistan Army. He was posted to 12th NLI Regiment during the Kargil Conflict. He was killed near Tiger Hill, Kargil. His name is the localised form of the rank Colonel.

 Early life

Khan was born in Naway Kiley (Shewa Adda), a village in Swabi District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Khan was the youngest of two brothers and two sisters. His mother died in 1978 when he was eight years old. He was brought up by his paternal aunts. His family is religious and claim that Sher was "an embodiment of piety and Islamic teaching".

Career

After completing his intermediate schooling at the Government College Swabi, Khan joined the Pakistan Air Force as an airman.[citation needed] On completion of his training, he was appointed electric fitter (aeronautical) at Primary Flying Training Wing Risalpur.

He twice applied for commission in the Pakistan Army. He succeeded the second time.[citation needed] He joined the Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul, in November 1992 and graduated in the 90th Long Course in 1994.

His first posting was at Okara in 27th Sindh Regiment. In January 1998 he volunteered to serve at the LoC in Kashmir. He was posted in 12 NLI from 27 Sind Regiment.

Martyred

During the Kargil War, he was deployed to Gultary region in Kargil. He established five strategic posts at height of 17,000 feet and successfully defended his posts against Indian assaults multiple times. On 5 July 1999, the Indian army surrounded his posts with two battalions. With heavy mortar fire, the Indian Army captured one of his posts. Khan personally lead the counter-attack but was hit by machine gun fire and was killed.
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[Lance Naik Mohammad Mahfuz Shaheed Nishan-i-Haider Brief History]

He was born on 25 October 1944 in Pind Malikan (now Mahfuzabad), Rawalpindi district. He was enlisted in the Army on 25 October 1962. Serving in ‘A’ Company of 15 Punjab Regiment when war broke out in 1971, Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz was deployed on the Wagha-Attari Sector where his company was pinned down by unceasing frontal and crossfire from automatic weapons. Although his machine gun was destroyed by an enemy shell, Muhammad Mahfuz advanced towards an enemy bunker whose automatic fire had inflicted heavy casualties. Even though wounded in both legs by shell splinters, when he reached the bunker he stood up and pounced on the enemy, in the encounter he was hit with a bayonet. Although unarmed, he got hold of the enemy and did another bayonet strangling with him. Due to serious injuries he embraced martyrdom on the night of 17 December 1971.
Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz (born 25 October 1944) was a Pakistani soldier, who was awarded the Nishan-i-Haider, the highest military award of Pakistan, he was killed during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

Early life

Muhammad Mahfuz was born in Pind Malikan (now renamed Mahfuzabad in his honour) in Rawalpindi district, Punjab. He joined the Pakistan Army on 25 October 1962 as an infantry soldier.

Death

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, A company of the 15th Punjab Regiment was deployed in the Wagah-Attari sector along the Indian border. On 17 December 1971, his company was pinned down by enemy fire and his machine-gun was destroyed by an Indian shell. Even though he was wounded in his legs by shrapnel, he moved towards an enemy bunker from which fire had caused many Pakistani deaths. There he was strangling with one of the enemy soldiers when he killed by another with a bayonet.
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[Major Mohammad Akram Shaheed Shaheed Nishan-i-Haider Brief History]
He was born on 4 April 1938 in Dingha, Gujrat District.  He was commissioned in the
Frontier Force Regiment on 13 October 1963. Major Muhammad Akram and a company of 4 Frontier Force Regiment, which he commanded in the forward area in Hilli district, in East Pakistan in 1971, came under incessant air, artillery and armour attacks. But for an entire fortnight, despite enemy superiority in both numbers and fire power, he and his men repulsed every attack, inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy. Major Muhammad Akram embraced martyrdom during this epic battle on 5 December 1971


Major Muhammad Akram (Urdu: محمد اکرم; c. 1941–1971), was a Pakistan Army officer who was killed at the Battle of Hilli and was posthumously awarded Nishan-e-Haider for his actions.

Military career

Akram was born in Jhelum district, Punjab in Pakistan. He was an alumnus of Military College
Jhelum. In 1960, he was accepted by the Pakistan Military Academy and eventually graduated in 1961. He gained a commission in 1961 as part of the 4th Frontier Force Regiment.[1] He participated in 1965 Indo-Pak September War as a Captain where he led several successful military operations against the Indian Army. While stationed in Lahore, he commanded a small company which led several decisive operations against the Indian Armed Forces.

Martyred

During the east Pakistan War of 1971, the 4th FF Regiment, which at that time was commanded by then Col. Muhammad Mumtaz Malik, was placed in the forward area of the Hilli Municipality (under Hakimpur Upozila, Dinajpur District), in what was then East Pakistan.[citation needed] The regiment came under continuous and heavy air, artillery and armour attacks from the Indian Army. Despite enemy superiority in both numbers and firepower, Akram and his men repulsed many attacks, inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy. He was killed in the attack and was posthumously awarded the Nishan-e-Haider, Pakistan's highest military honour.

He was buried in the village of Boaldar, Thana/Upozila-Hakimpur (Banglahilly), District-Dinajpur. There is a monument, Major Akram Shaheed Memorial, in the midst of Jhelum city.
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[Jawan Sowar Mohammad Hussain Shaheed Nishan-i-Haider Brief History]
He was born on 18 June 1949 in Dhok Pir Bakhsh (now Dhok Muhammad Husain
Janjua). He was enlisted as a driver on 3 September 1966. Although only a driver in the 20th Lancers, when war broke out in 1971 Sowar Muhammad Hussain took an active part in every battle in which his unit was engaged unmindful of any danger, no mater how grave. When he spotted the enemy close to a minefield near the village of Harar Khurd in December 1971, on his own initiative he directed accurate fire at the enemy resulting in the destruction of sixteen enemy tanks. But while directing fire from recoilless rifles, he was hit in the chest by a burst of machine-gun fire and embraced martyrdom on 10 December 1971. 
Sowar Muhammad Hussain was a soldier on the Pakistan Army and the first soldier to be awarded Nishan-e-Haider.

Early life and career

Hussain was born on 18 June 1949 in Dhok Pir Bakhsh (now Dhok Muhammad), Pakistan. He joined the 20 Lancers of the Armoured Corps in September 1966.

Martyred

Hussain was a driver but he would took part in every battle his unit was engaged in during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. On 5 December 1971, in the Zafarwal-Shakargarh area, he delivered ammunition from trench to trench despite fire from the enemy. On 10 December 1971, he took part in dangerous missions and went out four fighting patrols. During this day, he spotted an enemy tank and directed a recoil-less rifle crew towards the tank and was responsible for the destruction of 16 enemy tanks. He was hit in the chest by a burst of machine-gun fire, while directing fire from recoilless rifles, and was martyred.


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[Major Shabir Sharif Shaheed - Nishan-i-Haider Brief History]
He was born on 28 April 1943 in Kunjah, Gujrat District. He was commissioned into the Frontier Force Regiment on 19 April 1964. Major Shabbir Sharif, as commander of a company of 6 Frontier Force Regiment, was ordered in December 1971 to capture high ground near Sulemanki Headworks defended by more than a company of the Assam Regiment supported by a squadron of tanks. In a well organized superhuman action, for the next three days and nights after crossing a minefield and massive obstacles and killing forty-three soldiers and destroying four tanks, Major Shabbir Sharif and his men held two enemy battalions at bay. But after he took over an anti-tank gun from his gunner in an attack he embraced martyrdom by a direct hit in the afternoon of 6 December 1971.

Shabbir Sharif (28 April 1943 – 6 December 1971) was a Pakistani Army officer who was killed in Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and was awarded Nishan-e-Haider for his actions. He is the only person ever who received both the Nishan-e-Haider and Sitara-e-Jurat for his bravery. He is regarded as the most decorated officer of the Pakistan Army.

Early life and education

Sharif was born on 28 April 1943 in a Rajput family at Kunjah, Gujrat District to Major Rana Muhammad Sharif. He attended St. Anthony's High School, Lahore. While at Government College Lahore, he received a call to join Pakistan Military Academy (PMA) Kakul.

He used to play squash and won an Army level swimming medal while he was in 4th Frontier Force Regiment.

Military career

He was commissioned in Pakistan Army on 19 April nd after successfully completing his training, after which he was awarded the Sword of Honor, he was posted to the 6th Battalion of the Frontier Force Regiment.

Martyred

In the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the Pakistan Army launched an offensive on the Western front against the enemy. Sharif, as commander of a company of 6 Frontier Force Regiment, was ordered to capture high ground overlooking Grumukhi Khera and Beri, a village in the Sulemanki Sector.

On 3 December 1971, in a well-organised action, he fought alongside his men and held Indian attacks at bay. He cleared the Jhangar post by passing through the minefield laid by enemy and swimming across a water obstacle, the 'Sabuna distributary', whilst under intense enemy fire and led his company to capture the objective. During the day, his troops repelled over 15 Indian attempts to recapture the high ground. He and his men destroyed four enemy tanks and held two Indian battalions at bay by killing 43 soldiers.

During an attack on the night of 5 December, he jumped out of his trench on the call of an Indian Company Commander who dared him for a hand-to-hand combat. He soon snatched the sten gun out of the Indian major's hand and mortally wounded him. The act demoralized the Indian troops allowing his men to consolidate their hard earned gains in the captured area.

On the afternoon of 6 December, the enemy launched another counterattack preceded by air strikes and heavy artillery shelling. After casualties amongst the crew, he took over as a gunner on an anti-tank gun and started firing on the enemy tanks. While this fight was on, one of the enemy tanks fired at him thus killing him. His last words were quoted as: “Don’t lose the bridge.” It was the same bridge he died defending from the enemy’s attack.

Family

His younger brother, General Raheel Sharif was the Chief of Army Staff (November 2013 - November 2016), the highest rank in the Pakistan Army. He is also the relative of another Nishan-e-Haider holder, Raja Aziz Bhatti.

In popular culture

An Indian Malayalam film, 1971: Beyond Borders, was inspired by the story of Rana Shabbir Sharif.
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Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas Nishan-i-Haider bried history:
He was born on 17 February 1951. He was commissioned as a pilot in the Pakistan Air Force in 1971. Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas was taxiing for take off on a routine training flight when an Instructor Pilot forced his way into the rear cockpit, seized control of the aircraft and took off. When Rashid Minhas realised that the absconding pilot was heading towards India, he tried to regain control of the plane but was unable to do so. Knowing that it meant certain death, he damaged the controls and forced the aircraft to crash thirty-two miles short of the border on 20 August 1971.

Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas or Rashid Minhas Shaheed, NH, PAF (Urdu: راشد منہاس شہید‬‎) (February 17, 1951 – August 20, 1971) was a Pilot in the Pakistan Air Force
(PAF). Minhas, a newly commissioned officer of 1971 (date of commission: 13 March 1971, 51st GD(P) Course), is the only PAF officer to receive the highest valour award, which is the Nishan-e-Haider. He is also the youngest person and the shortest-serving officer to have received this award. He is remembered for his death in 1971 in a jet trainer crash while struggling to regain the controls from a defecting pilot: Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman.

Early life and education

Rashid Minhas was born on February 17, 1951, at Karachi to a Muslim Rajput family of the Minhas clan. Rashid Minhas spent his early childhood in Karachi. Later, the family shifted to Rawalpindi. Minhas had his early education from St Mary's Cambridge School Rawalpindi. Later his family shifted back to Karachi. Minhas was fascinated with aviation history and technology. He used to collect different models of aircraft and jets. He also attended St Patrick's High School, Karachi.

Martyred

Having joined the air force, Minhas was commissioned on March 13, 1971, in the 51st GD(P) Course. He began training to become a pilot. On August 20 of that year, in the hour before noon, he was getting ready to take off in a T-33 jet trainer in Karachi, Pakistan. His second solo flight in that type of aircraft. Minhas was taxiing toward the runway when a Bengali instructor pilot, Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman, signalled him to stop and then climbed into the instructor's seat. The jet took off and turned toward India.

Minhas radioed PAF Base Masroor with the message that he was being hijacked. The air controller requested that he resend his message, and he confirmed the hijacking. Later investigation showed that Rahman intended to defect to India to join his compatriots in the Bangladesh Liberation War, along with the jet trainer. In the air, Minhas struggled physically to wrest control from Rahman; each man tried to overpower the other through the mechanically linked flight controls. Some 32 miles (51 km) from the Indian border, the jet crashed near Thatta. Both men were killed.

Minhas was posthumously awarded Pakistan's top military honour, the Nishan-E-Haider, and became the youngest man and the only member of the Pakistan Air Force to win the award. Similarly, Rahman was honoured by Bangladesh with their highest military award, the Bir Sreshtho.

Minhas's Pakistan military citation for the Nishan-E-Haider states that he "forced the aircraft to crash" in order to prevent Rahman from taking the jet to India. This is the official, popular and widely known version of how Minhas died. Yawar A. Mazhar, a writer for Pakistan Military Consortium, relayed in 2004 that he spoke to retired PAF Group Captain Cecil Chaudhry about Minhas, and that he learned more details not generally known to the public. According to Mazhar, Chaudhry lead the immediate task of investigating the wreckage and writing the accident report. Chaudhry told Mazhar that he found the jet had hit the ground nose first, instantly killing Minhas in the front seat. Rahman's body, however, was not in the jet and the canopy was missing. Chaudhry searched the area and saw Rahman's body some distance behind the jet, the body found with severe abrasions from hitting the sand at a low angle and a high speed. Chaudhry thought that Minhas probably jettisoned the canopy at low altitude causing Rahman to be thrown from the cockpit because he was not strapped in. Chaudhry felt that the jet was too close to the ground at that time, too far out of control for Minhas to be able to prevent the crash.

Legacy

After his death, Minhas was honoured as a national hero. In his memory the Pakistan Air Force base at Kamra was renamed PAF Base Minhas, often called Minhas-Kamra. In Karachi he was honored by the naming of a main road, 'Rashid Minhas Road' (Urdu: شاہراہ راشد منہاس‬‎). A two-rupee postage stamp bearing his image was issued by Pakistan Post in December 2003; 500,000 were printed. 

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[Brief Story of Major Raja Aziz Bhatti Shaheed]
He was born in 1928 in Hong Kong. He was commissioned into the Punjab Regiment, in 1950. On 6 September 1965, as a Company Commander in the Burki area of the Lahore sector, Major Raja Aziz Bhatti chose to stay with his forward platoon under incessant artillery and tank attacks for five days and nights in the defence of the strategic BRB Canal. Throughout, undaunted by constant fire from enemy small arms, tanks and artillery, he organized the defence of the canal, directing his men to answer the fire until he was hit by an enemy tank shell and embraced martyrdom on 10 September 1965.

Major Raja Abdul-Aziz Bhatti (Urdu: راجہ عزیز بھٹی‎; 1928 – 12 September 1965) usually known as Aziz Bhatti was a Staff officer in the Pakistan Army who received Pakistan's highest award for valor. He is also known as "Muhafiz-e-Lahore" (Protector of Lahore). He was born in Hong Kong to a Punjabi Muslim Rajput family in 1928.[2] He moved to Pakistan before it became independent in 1947, living in the village of Ladian, Kharian, Gujrat. There he enlisted with the newly formed Pakistani Army and was commissioned to the Punjab Regiment in 1950.

He was from a Punjabi Rajput family. His father's name was Abdullah Bhatti, and his mother's name was Bibi Amana. He had four brothers, Nazir, Bashir, Sardar and Rashid, and two sisters, Rashida and Tahira. His brother Bashir was killed during the Second World War by the Japanese while leaving Hong Kong. He had initially joined the Pakistan Air Force as Airman and later applied for commission in the Pakistan Army. He himself had six children, four sons named Major Zafar Javed Bhatti, Dr. Zulfiquar Ahmad Bhatti, Rafique Ahmad Bhatti, and Iqbal Javed Bhatti, and two daughters named Riffat Bhatti and Zeenat Bhatti. Throughout his career, he was a brilliant officer and stood out among his peers. He did very well at the Academy and was awarded the Sword of Honour for being best in his batch of 300 officers, and the Norman Medal.

Major Raja Aziz Bhatti was posted in the Burki area of Lahore sector during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. As the company commander, Major Bhatti chose to move his platoon forward under constant firing from Indian tanks and artillery. For three or more days he went without rest. He resisted for five days and nights defending a Pakistani outpost on the strategic BRB canal.On 6 September 1965, as a Company Commander in the Burki area of the Lahore sector, Major Raja Aziz Bhatti chose to stay with his forward platoon under incessant artillery and tank attacks for five days and nights in the defence of the strategic BRB Canal. Throughout, undaunted by constant fire from enemy small arms, tanks and artillery, he was re-organising his company and directing the gunners to shell the enemy positions. To watch every move of the enemy, he had to place himself in an elevated position, where he was exposed to Indian fury. He led his men from the front under constant attack from Indian Artillery batteries. Although he tried to counter every Indian offensive in his area, he was hit by an enemy tank shell in the chest while watching the enemy's moves, and was embraced shadaat on 11 September 1965.
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He was born in 1910 in Village Sanghori, District Rawalpindi. He was commissioned into the Punjab Regiment, in 1944. During the Kashmir Operations soon after the birth of Pakistan, as a Company Commander in the 2nd Battalion of the Punjab Regiment, Captain Muhammad Sarwar launched an attack causing heavy casualties against a strongly fortified enemy position in the Uri Sector under heavy machine-gun, grenade and mortar fire. But on 27 July 1948, as he moved forward with six of his men to cut their way through a barbed wire barrier, he got martyrdom when his chest was hit by a burst of automatic fire.
Captain Muhammad Sarwar Nishan-i-Haider - Defence Day




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He was born on 25 April 1922 in Khandbaz Tehsil Nakial (Azad Jammu & Kashmir). He was enlisted
in the Royal Corps of Engineers in British Indian Army on 18 March 1941. After completing his service in the British Indian Army in 1947, he came back to his native town and started establishing Haidri Force with the support of Sardar Fateh Muhammad Karailvi. On 1st Janaury 1948, Haidri Force was raised as “Sher-e-Riasti Battalion” under the command of Lt. Col. Muhammad Sher Khan. Due to his unflinching devotion and undaunted courage, on the recognition of his dedication and commitment to the cause, he was accoladed with the rank of Naik and was made platoon commander. He set personal examples of gallantry and inflicted heavy losses on the enemy at Bhudha Khanna where his platoon was given the responsibility to defend Budha Khanna where he faced never-ending frontal and crossfire from machine guns. He defended the post with chivalry, which he established with his few jawans and repulsed many aggressive ventures by the enemy and imposed colossal losses on them. The enemy used every mean to capture the post with two companies attack and heavy Arty bombardment but with unwavering determination and passion for Martyrdom bought the enemies on their knees. Despite facing all odds, he led his jawans while setting personal example of bravery and valour and remained steadfast and unmoved on the post. During the course of action, despite being hit on his chest by Arty fire, he retained his position and frustrated the Indian assault. Due to severe injuries he embraced Martyrdom on 26 October 1948. On 14th March 1949, the Defence Council of Azad Jammu & Kashmir adorned him with Hilal-e-Kashmir (posthumous) and on 30th November 1995 Government of Pakistan initiated the gazette notification to declare his Hilal-e-Kashmir equilent to Nishan-e Haider.

Naik Saif Ali Janjua Nishan-i-Haider - Defence Day  
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